NTSC NA PAL NI NINI?

Ingawa umbizo la video la VHS ni sawa Ulimwenguni kote, kiwango cha video au mawimbi ya kielektroniki ambayo yanarekodiwa kwenye kaseti hutofautiana kutoka nchi hadi nchi. Viwango viwili vya kawaida vya video vinavyotumika ni NTSC na PAL.

NTSC ni mfumo wa video au kiwango kinachotumika Amerika Kaskazini na sehemu kubwa ya Amerika Kusini. Katika NTSC, 30 muafaka hupitishwa kila sekunde. Kila sura imeundwa na 525 mistari ya skanning ya mtu binafsi.

PAL ndio mfumo mkuu wa video au kiwango kinachotumika zaidi ng'ambo. Katika PAL, 25 muafaka hupitishwa kila sekunde. Kila sura imeundwa na 625 mistari ya skanning ya mtu binafsi.

 

Kuna muundo mwingine kama ifuatavyo:

NTSC: Kamati ya Taifa ya Mfumo wa Televisheni. Imetengenezwa USA, pia hutumiwa na nchi zingine. Kutumia wavu ya umeme ya Marekani 60Hz kama masafa ya kuburudisha

PAL: Mstari Mbadala wa Awamu. Imeandaliwa nchini Ujerumani, pia hutumiwa na nchi zingine. Kutumia wavu wa nguvu wa Ulaya 50Hz kama masafa ya kuburudisha.

SECAM: Rangi ya Kufuatana na Kumbukumbu. Iliyotengenezwa nchini Ufaransa pia inatumiwa na nchi zingine. Kutumia wavu wa nguvu wa Ulaya 50Hz kama masafa ya kuburudisha.

KWA MIEZI: SECAM ya Mediterania, kiwango kidogo cha SECAM kilichotengenezwa kwa matumizi katika Mashariki ya Kati na bado kinatumiwa na nchi chache. Mapokezi ya Runinga na uchezaji unaweza kutazamwa kwa seti zote mbili za PAL na SECAM TV.

PAL-60: Kiwango cha chini cha PAL kinachotumiwa na baadhi ya nchi, kutumia 60Hz badala ya masafa ya kuburudisha ya 50Hz.

NTSC 4.43: Kiwango cha chini cha NTSC. Mashine nyingi za uchezaji za kisasa ni za hali mbili na zitabadilika kiotomatiki kati ya matoleo ya 3.XX na 4.XX. Mashine za zamani zinaweza kuhitaji ubadilishaji wa mwongozo au kibadilishaji cha ziada cha nje.

 

 

Hapa kuna orodha ya nchi na fomati maarufu:

 

NCHI VHF UHF DVD MIKOA
AFGHANISTAN PAL/SECAM B 5
ALBANIA PAL B PAL G 2
ALGERIA PAL B PAL G 5
ANGOLA PAL I 5
ARGENTINA PAL N PAL N 4
AUSTRALIA PAL B PAL G 4
AUSTRIA PAL B PAL G 2
AZORES PAL B
BAHAMAS NTSC M 4
BAHRAIN PAL B PAL G 2
BANGLADESHI PAL B 5
BARBADOS NTSC M 4
UBELGIJI PAL B PAL H 2
BERMUDA NTSC M
BOLIVIA NTSC M NTSC M 4
BOTSWANA PAL I 5
BRAZILI PAL M PAL M 4
BRUNEI PAL B PAL B
BULGARIA SECAM D SECAM K 2
BURKINA FASO SECAM K1 5
BURMA NTSC M
BURUNDI SECAM K1 5
KAMBODIA NTSC M 3
CAMEROON PAL B PAL G 5
KANADA NTSC M NTSC M < 1
VISIWA VYA KANARI PAL B 2
CHAD SECAM K1 5
CHILE NTSC M NTSC M 4
CHINA PAL D 6
KOLOMBIA NTSC M NTSC M 4
COSTA RICA NTSC M NTSC M 4
KROATIA PAL B PAL G 2
CUBA NTSC M NTSC M 4
CYPRUS PAL B< PAL G
JAMHURI YA CZECH PAL D PAL K 2
DAHOMEY SECAM K1
DENMARK PAL B PAL G 2
DJIBOUTI SECAM B SECAM G 5
DOMINIKA REP NTSC M NTSC M 4
ECUADOR NTSC M NTSC M 4
MISRI SECAM B/PAL B SECAM G/PAL G 2
MWOKOZI NTSC M NTSC M 4
SAWA. GUINEA PAL B 5
ESTONIA PAL B (ilikuwa SECAM) PAL D 5
ETHIOPIA PAL B PAL G 5
FIJI PAL B
FINLAND PAL B PAL G 2
UFARANSA SECAM L SECAM L 2
POLYNESIA YA KIFARANSA SECAM K1
GABON SECAM K1 5
GAMBIA PAL I 5
UJERUMANI PAL B PAL G 2
GHANA PAL B PAL G 5
GIBRALTAR PAL B PAL H 2
UGIRIKI PAL B (ilikuwa SECAM) PAL G 2
GREENLAND NTSC/PAL B 2
GUADELOUPE SECAM K1
GUAM NTSC M 1
GUATEMALA NTSC M NTSC M 4
GUINEA PAL K 5
GUYANA (KIFARANSA) SECAM K1 4
HONDURAS NTSC M NTSC M 4
HONG KONG PAL I 3
HUNGARI SECAM D/PAL SECAM K/PAL 2
ICELAND PAL B PAL G 2
INDIA PAL B 5
INDONESIA PAL B PAL G 3
IRAN SECAM B SECAM G 2
IRAQ SECAM B 2
IRELAND PAL I PAL I 2
ISRAEL PAL B PAL G 2
ITALIA PAL B PAL G 2
IVORY COAST SECAM K1 5
JAMAICA NTSC M 4
JAPAN NTSC M NTSC M 2
YORDANI PAL B PAL G 2
KENYA PAL B PAL G 5
KOREA KASKAZINI PAL 5
KOREA KUSINI NTSC M NTSC M 3
KUWAIT PAL B 2
LATVIA PAL D (ilikuwa SECAM) PAL K 5
LEBANONI SECAM B SECAM G 2
LIBERIA PAL B PAL H 5
LIBYA SECAM B SECAM G 5
LITHUANIA PAL D (ilikuwa SECAM) PAL K 5
LUXEMBURG PAL B/SECAM L PAL G/SEC L 2
MADAGASCAR SECAM K1 5
MADEIRA PAL B
MALAGASI SECAM K1
MALAWI PAL B PAL G 5
MALAYSIA PAL B 3
MALI SECAM K1 5
MALTA PAL B PAL H 2
MARTINIQUE SECAM K1
MAURITANIA SECAM B 5
MAURITIUS SECAM B 5
MEXICO NTSC M NTSC M 4
MONACO SECAM L 2
MONGOLIA SECAM D 5
MOROCCO SECAM B 5
MSUMBIJI PAL B 5
NAMIBIA PAL I 5
NEPAL PAL B
UHOLANZI PAL B PAL G 2
NETH. ANTILLES NTSC M NTSC M
KALEDONIA MPYA SECAM K1
GUINEA MPYA PAL B PAL G 4
NEW ZEALAND PAL B PAL G 4
NICARAGUA NTSC M NTSC M 4
NIGER SECAM K1 5
NIGERIA PAL B PAL G 5
NORWAY PAL B PAL G 2
OMAN PAL B PAL G 2
PAKISTAN PAL B 5
PANAMA NTSC M NTSC M 4
PARAGUAY (alikuwa PAL N) NTSC M (alikuwa PAL N) NTSC M 4
PERU NTSC M NTSC M 4
UFILIPINO NTSC M NTSC M 3
UPOLAND PAL D PAL K 2
URENO PAL B PAL G 2
PUERTO RICO NTSC M NTSC M 1
QATAR PAL B 2
KURUDIANA SECAM K1
RUMANIA PAL D PAL K 2
URUSI SECAM D SECAM K 5
RWANDA SECAM K1 5
SABAH/SAWARA PAL B
ST. KITTS NTSC M NTSC M
SAMOA (Marekani) NTSC M 1
SAUDI ARABIA SECAM-B/PAL-B SECAM G 2
SENEGAL PAL 5
SHELISHELI PAL B PAL G 5
SIERRA LEONE PAL B PAL G 5
SINGAPORE PAL B PAL G
JAMHURI YA SLOVAK PAL PAL 2
SOMALIA PAL B PAL G 5
AFRICA KUSINI PAL I PAL I 2
HISPANIA PAL B PAL G 2
SRI LANKA PAL B 5
SUDANI PAL B PAL G 5
SURINAM NTSC M NTSC M 4
USWAZI PAL B PAL G
USWIDI PAL B PAL G 2
USWISI PAL B PAL G 2
SYRIA SECAM B 2
TAHITI SECAM K1
TAIWAN NTSC M NTSC M 3
TANZANIA PAL B PAL B 5
THAILAND PAL B 3
TOGO SECAM K 5
TUMBAKU YA TRINIDAD NTSC M NTSC M 4
TUNISIA SECAM B 5
UTURUKI PAL B PAL G
UGANDA PAL B PAL G 5
UKRAINE PAL / SECAM D-K 5
EMIR YA KIARABU YA MUUNGANO. PAL B PAL G 2
UINGEREZA PAL I 2
WAKATI WA JUU SECAM K1
URUGUAY PAL N PAL N 4
Marekani NTSC M NTSC M 1
VENEZUELA NTSC M NTSC M 4
VIETNAM PAL B PAL G 3
YEMEN PAL B 2
YUGOSLAVIA PAL B PAL G 2
ZAIRE SECAM K1
ZAMBIA PAL B PAL G 5
ZIMBABWE PAL B PAL G 5

 

 

Maoni Yamefungwa